How to declare your crowdlending earnings in Spain

More and more retail investors are choosing to explore alternatives beyond traditional financial products. Among them, one option that has gained significant traction is crowdlending. Why? Because of its ability to diversify and participate in financing companies or projects.

However, alongside the common question of how it works, another equally important one arises: how do you declare crowdlending earnings in Spain?

Taxation may seem complex at first, but understanding the basics helps avoid mistakes and make decisions with greater confidence. That is why we have prepared this guide to explain what you need to know in a clear and straightforward way, without unnecessary technical jargon.

What is considered crowdlending?

Crowdlending is a participatory financing model in which multiple investors lend money to companies or individuals in exchange for an agreed return. In other words, investors earn income through the interest generated by that financing.

Although there are different models, from a tax perspective there is one important concept to understand: crowdlending earnings are generally taxed as investment income from movable capital.

And this directly affects how they are included in your income tax return.

Where are the earnings declared?

In Spain, profits obtained through crowdlending are generally included within the savings tax base of personal income tax (IRPF). What does this mean? It means that the returns generated, usually in the form of interest, are added to other savings income you may have, such as:

• Bank interest
• Dividends
• Certain capital gains

The tax payable depends on the total amount accumulated and the tax brackets in force during each fiscal year.

The important thing here is not to memorize specific percentages (which may change over time), but to understand that there is an obligation to declare any gains obtained.

Do I only pay tax when I withdraw the money?

A common misconception is that taxes are only due when capital is withdrawn from the platform. However, it is important to note that this is not always the case.

Generally, what matters is when the returns are generated, not when you decide to transfer the money to your bank account. In other words, if you earned interest during the tax year, it will usually need to be declared even if you reinvest it.

That is why it is always advisable to review the annual report provided by the platform where you invest.

What about losses or defaults?

As with any investment, incidents or lower-than-expected returns may occur. Depending on the circumstances, certain losses may be offset against other savings income for tax purposes, although this depends on the specific nature of the transaction and current tax regulations.

In these cases, it is particularly advisable to review the available tax documentation or seek professional advice if the amount invested is significant.

What documentation do you need?

Most crowdfunding and participatory financing platforms provide an annual summary containing relevant tax information. This will typically include:

• Returns generated
• Interest received
• Transactions carried out
• Useful information for your tax return

Keeping this documentation organized makes the tax filing process much easier when tax season arrives.

And what about crowdfactoring?

Although they are sometimes confused, crowdlending and crowdfactoring are not exactly the same thing.

While crowdlending is generally based on loans to companies or individuals, crowdfactoring focuses on financing invoices that have already been issued by companies.

From the investor's perspective, both models share something important: they allow participation in operations linked to the real economy and provide diversification beyond traditional markets.

In the case of platforms such as Inversa, specialized in crowdfactoring, investors participate by financing business invoices with typically short terms (approximately 30–180 days) and conditions known from the outset.

This may be particularly attractive for those looking to complement other investments with assets offering higher turnover and a certain degree of predictability regarding timing and expected returns.

Taxation should not be a barrier

It is normal for taxes to create some hesitation when starting to invest in new products. However, understanding how taxation works helps you invest with greater confidence. The key is to remember one simple principle: if an investment generates returns, it will generally have tax implications.

That is why it is worth maintaining organized records, reviewing annual documentation and understanding the role each asset plays within your overall strategy.

Diversification is not only about choosing new investments, but also about understanding how they work from beginning to end. Both crowdlending and crowdfactoring open the door to different ways of participating in the real economy, but doing so wisely also means understanding their tax treatment.

Because making better financial decisions depends not only on how much you earn, but also on how you manage your investment as a whole. Therefore, if you have any questions or would like to learn more, do not hesitate to contact us—we will be happy to answer any queries you may have.